نوع مقاله : مقالات مروری
نویسندگان
1 بخش نماتدشناسی، موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most destructive agricultural pests worldwide, causing substantial yield losses in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops. Among them, the most economically important are root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) and cyst nematodes belonging to the genera Heterodera and Globodera. Although synthetic nematicides have been widely used for their control, their application is increasingly restricted because of concerns regarding environmental pollution, risks to human health, and high costs, leading to growing interest in natural resources, particularly medicinal plants and their phytochemicals, as safe and sustainable alternatives. Over the past few decades, more than 260 medicinal and aromatic plants have been isolated and reported to possess nematicidal activity, and hundreds of bioactive secondary metabolites have been identified, including terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and glucosinolates. These bioactive compounds act through diverse mechanisms, including inhibition of egg hatching, suppression of second-stage juvenile (J2) motility, disruption of cuticle integrity, alteration of membrane permeability, and interference with key metabolic and enzymatic pathways. Notable medicinal plants reported to possess significant nematicidal activity include Azadirachta indica, Tagetes spp., Allium sativum, Cymbopogon citratus, Melia azedarach, Brassica spp., Ocimum spp., and Artemisia spp. This review provides a global perspective on the use of medicinal plants and their bioactive phytochemicals against root-knot and cyst nematodes, critically evaluates their modes of action, efficacy, and limitations, and discusses their potential role in sustainable nematode management.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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